LMS

Units of gaseous reactions are taken in atm or torr 

Al relation can obtained by rearrangement 

Increase of pressure shifts equilibria to right (Products side) because with the increase of pressure volume of the system decrease and product will increase

Kc is only for gases and liquids.

Its ∆n value is positive so by increasing the volume reaction will move forward direction 

Greater the value of Kc, greater the concentration of product and reaction is nesses to completion. 

Rate of is less than numerical value of Kc means that Reactant is in excess and product is in less amount. So, reaction should move in forward

If mole of reactants is greater than product then Dn is –ve hence Kp < Kc

Kc will effected only by temperature

When pressure of the system decreases then volume of the system increases and reaction moves towards the

400-5000C/1 atm, at this condition rate of reaction and yield is at optimum level

NaCl is a weak electrolyte as compared to HCl.

Strong electrolyte (HCl) will suppress the ionization of weak electrolyte (Phenol)

Buffer solution are needed in clinical analysis, solid sciences and Micro biology.

If concentration of slat and acid are equal then buffer is considered as the best buffer

Buffer is a solution which resists change in its pH

If AgNO3 is in excess than Ag+ will be present in filtrate in addition to Ba+2 and NO3–1

Q¢ < Ksp then No ppt and solution is unsaturated

Greater the ksp greater the solubility of salt

Slowest step in the reaction is called rate determining step. It is used if reaction proceed in more than one step 

Ionic solutions react fastly

Ionic solutions react fastly

instantaneous rate is greater than average rate in the start.

Spectrometry is applied for rate determining when reactants or products absorb U.V / VIS or I.R radiations

By increasing the concentration of A, rate increases upto two times while by increasing conc. of B, rate increases upto four time due to the square of [B]. So, overall rate increases 8 time. 

It is three step reaction, 2nd step is slow step so, rate can be determine by this stepRate = [CHCl3][Cl2]1/2

polarimeter is used to measure the optical rotation of plan polarized light. 

Order of –d[A] / dt = k[A][B]° is one 

By increasing in temperature average kinetic energy increase and fraction of those molecule increase which have more energy than activation energy.

Rate will increase 4 times by doubling [A], while increases 2 times by doubling [B]. so, overall increase is 8 times ,hence rate = K[A] ² [B]

Order of reaction is the sum of exponents of a rate equation both reactions are second order

Acid catalyzed hydrolysis of an ester & Hydrolysis of tertiary butyl bromide are pseudo first order because one reactant ‘ water’ is taken in excess

Rate = K [ reactant ]0Rate = KFor a reaction like  X  +  2Y   →  Z Rate = k [X] ⁰ [Y] ²

By increasing the [X], no effect on rate because its not involved in rate equation, while by increasing the [Y] 2 trime, rate will increase 4 time.

The number of atoms or molecules whose concentration determines the rate of a chemical reaction is called the Order of the reaction

O.R = sum of exponents of rate equation       = 3/2 -1/2 = 1

The collision frequency is proportional to the concentration of reacting molecules.

All postulates are correct except “b” option. Reaction between colliding particles can only takes place if upon collision they possess energy equal or greater than activation energy.

Difference of energy between reactants and transition state is called Activation energy

Catalytic activity of enzymes is greatly enhanced by the presence of a coenzyme or activator.