LMS

Water and mucus are involved in lubrication and convert it into slimy liquid form.

Peristalsis is characteristic movements of digestive tract due to alternate contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles by which food is pushed along the digestive tract.Swallowing is also called deglutition

Actual tube of digestive tract starts from oesophagus having muscular walls.In LMS: Start of Swallowing is voluntary after entering bollus into esophagus it becomes involuntary.

Pharynx has role in pushing epiglottis against glottis during swallowing.

Breakdown of NaHCO3 causes the release of bicarbonate ions and carbon dioxide which changes the pH of saliva.

Peristalsis start from oesophagus and continue uptil end of large intestine.

Parietal/ Oxyntic cells secrete HCl which decreases pH of stomach lumen.

Bolus is produced as a result of chemical and mechanical digestion in oral cavity.Chyme is end result of digestion in stomach.Chyle is neutralized form of chyme produced in duodenum.

Amount of gastric juice secreted depends upon protein contents of food. Meat contains more proteins as compared to others.

It is connective tissue layer containing gastric glands.

Goblet cells are mucus producing cells found in intestine and trachea. Stomach has mucus neck cells.

Digestion is completed by enzymes in jejunum and ileum.

Ptyalin is carbohydrate digesting enzyme in saliva.Lipase is fat digesting.Trypsin is protein digesting.

X are villi which increase surface area for absorption.

Liver is an associated gland that pours its secretions in small intestine through common bile duct.

At small intestine, secretions/enzymes for digestion of all components of food are available.

Bile causes neutralization of acidic chyme in duodenum. This neutralized form is called chyle.

Both do not have any role in human digestive system.

All other components are removed as feces.

These are E. coli. Our body provides them food and shelter and gets vitamin K.

Low blood glucose level stimulates peristaltic contractions which are hollow. These hollow contractions are called hunger contractions and resulting painful condition is called hunger pangs.

Adipose tissue is formed from fat cells.

It is common in female between age 12-21 years.

Diabetes mellitus type II is complication of obesity.

It is a neurotic disorder associated with loss of appetite due to fear of becoming obese and common in female with age between 12-21 years

The largest organ of human body with respect to functions is liver and with respect to surface area is skin.

Pleura is a double membranous layer around the lungs. The pleural fluid present inside it prevents the leakage and lubricates the lungs.

Alveoli are the main sites of gaseous exchange and they have a rich blood supply to facilitate better gaseous exchange.

The projection of bones in each nasal cavity divides them into more than 2 passage ways.

Bronchioles arise from bronchi.Alveoli come after bronchioles.Parabronchi are found in birds for gaseous exchange.

Lungs are elastic and spongy in nature and their movement during inspiration and expiration is due to pressure difference.

Diaphragm is composed of muscle cells which are striped and multinucleated.

Diaphragm becomes less dome like during the process of expiration.

Respiratory distress syndrome is due to lack of surfactant. Surfactant formation is completed in 28th week of gestation period.

Concentration of carbon dioxide in oxygenated blood is 50ml/100ml of blood whereas in deoxygenated blood it is 54ml/100ml.

When muscular activity is increased more ATP is utilized hence there is more need of oxygen in order to provide more ATP by aerobic respiration.

The respiratory surface is very thin in humans and it consists of single layered alveoli and single layered blood capillaries.

Maximum air that can be breathed in and out is 3.5 L.Tidal volume at rest is 500 ml.Maximum lung capacity is 5 L.Residual volume is 1.5 L

Total lung capacity is 5 liters. Tidal volume at rest is 500 ml . The amount of air which can be inhaled and exhaled maximally is 3.5 liters whereas 1.5 liters is the residual volume 

Myoglobin is also called as muscle hemoglobin.

Oxygen in human blood is transported by hemoglobin. In muscles oxygen is stored and transferred by myoglobin.

A molecule of hemoglobin has 4 haeme groups and 4 polypeptide chains.

Insectivorous plants obtained their organic compounds by trapping and digesting insects and small animals. All of the insectivorous plants are true autotrophs, but when they capture prey, their growth becomes rapid.

Organisms that get their food from other organisms are called heterotrophic organism and mode of nutrition is termed as heterotrophic nutrition.

Carnivorous plants have adapted to grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients, especially nitrogen.