LMS

Ligase is an enzyme that can catalyze the joining (ligation) of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond. 

Active site is the catalytic part of enzyme.

Aqueous medium is required to help enzyme and substrate in proper orientation.

Peak of Straight curve = activation energy needed in the absence of enzymes.Peak of dotted line= activation energy needed in the presence of enzymes.Z-Y is the energy lowered by enzymes.

These are characteristics of enzymes.

Enzymes cannot change nature of end product.

Cofactor acts as bridge between enzyme and substrate.

Nature of end product never changes due to enzyme. Enzyme can just speed up the reaction and the product will be of same quality as with or without enzyme. 

Major constituents of biological membrane are lipo-protein

tRNA binds with amino acid instead of mRNA.

Process by RNA is formed from DNA is called transcription.

Both the above models of enzyme actions recognize the fact that enzymes are highly specific in nature due to specific amino acid sequence. Due to this every enzyme can catalyze a specific reaction only with a specific substrate(s).

Optimum temperature for enzymes of human body is 37-38°C/ 96-98°F.

Catalase is found in peroxisomes and involved in breakdown of H2O2.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an aldo-sugar to a keto-sugar would be classified as one of the isomerases.

A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the sub-group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.A dehydrogenase is an enzyme belonging to the sub-group of oxidoreductases that oxidizes a substrate by reducing an electron acceptor, usually NAD+/NADP+ or a flavin coenzyme such as FAD or FMN.

According to the IUB, enzymes are divided into six functional classes and are classified based on the type of reaction in which they are used to catalyze. The six kinds of enzymes are oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerase, and ligase.

Allosteric site is another regulatory site in certain enzymes, other than active site. Inhibitor or cofactor after binding at this site regulate enzyme activity

Irreversible inhibitors occupy the active sites permanently by forming covalent bonds or they may physically block the active sites and they check the reaction rate by occupying the active site.

Allosteric enzymes have two important sites i.e. active site and allosteric site.

At low concentration of substrate, many active sites are vacant. By increasing substrate concentration, these are also utilized so reaction rate is increased.

At unlimited substrate concentration, rate of reaction depends upon enzyme.

After reaching limiting concentration of substrates, increasing the enzymes would not increase rate of reaction as substrates are not available for enzymes to act.

Uracil is found in RNA.

Generally all monosaccharaides & disaccharides other than sucrose are reducing sugars. While all polysaccharides & sucrose are non-reducing sugars.

Carbon 1 of glucose forms glycosidic linkage with carbon 2 of fructose to form sucrose.

Cellulose is fibrous, linear unbranched polymer of β-glucose.

Primary structure is associated with number and sequence of amino acids. Size of protein molecule also depends upon number of amino acids.

Primary and secondary structures are found in all proteins while tertiary and quaternary structures are found in globular proteins only.

Lecithin is phosphatidylcholine.Sterol belongs to steroids.Terpene is terpenoid.Cutin is wax.

Cuticle is a layer made of cutin which is a wax.

No animal can digest waxes, so they are never act as source of energy.

Properties of triglycerides depends upon type of fatty acid present.

C-H bond is potential source of energy and lipids have their double number as compared to carbohydrates.

Hemoglobin contains C, H, O, N, S, Fe

Ester bond is always formed between alcohol and an acid. 

Ionic bond is most sensitive to pH change.

Maximum variety is found in proteins among biological molecules.

Glycosidic linkages are associated with sugar units.

Cystein is amino acid.Insulin contains amino acids.Myosin contains amino acids.

In carbohydrates, all carbons contain hydroxyl group except carbon of aldehyde or ketone group.

Amylase is enzyme and polymer of amino acids.

Water has strong hydrogen bonding thus high boiling point.

Mostly living organism use glucose as major energy source

Breakdown of complex molecules into simpler one is called catabolic.

DNA is 0.25% of the total mammalian cell.

Protein is 18% of the total mammalian cell.