Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate charged biological molecules like DNA, RNA AND proteins.X-ray diffraction is the experimental science determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal.Cell fractionation is the process used to separate cellular components while preserving individual functions of each component. 

Cell wall is present in plant cells while absent in animal cells.

Centrioles are present in animal cells while absent in plant cells.Glyoxisomes are present in plant seedlings while absent in animal cells.Lysosomes are absent in plant cells while present in animal cells.

Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells only. These are connections/ protoplasmic extensions between adjacent plant cells for transportation.

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. Organelle is a sub cellular entity and particular organelle can carry out specific functions.

Plant cells and bacterial cells usually do not show phagocytosis due to presence of cell wall.

Cell membrane, nucleus and cytoplasm → Present in bothCytoplasm, cell wall and cell membrane → Cheek cells do not have cell wallCell wall, cell membrane and nucleus → Cheek cells do not have cell wallNucleus, cytoplasm and cell wall       → Cheek cells do not have cell wall

Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are involved in photosynthesis.

Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells only. These are connections/protoplasmic extensions between adjacent plant cells for transportation.

Mature plant cell has large central vacuole which pushes nucleus to periphery.

In different organisms, the cell wall is composed of different chemicals. For example, fungal cell wall is composed of chitin, bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan/murein and plant cell wall mainly composed of cellulose.

Proteins: 60-80%Lipids: 20-40%Carbohydrates: Small amount

Only lipid soluble substances can cross lipid bilayer. For charged particles, plasma membrane has protein channels.

Cell membrane is next to cell wall in plant cells. Capsule is usually present around bacterial cells. 

Gates are involved in passive transport.Pumps are involved in active transport.

Substances found outside plasma membrane constitute extracellular matrix like glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances with or without membrane while osmosis is only related to passive movement of water molecules and always occurs across a membrane.

Movement from low to high concentration is called active transport.

Explanation

Most of the proteins synthesized on RER are transported extracellularly, while most of the proteins synthesized on free ribosomes work intra-cellularly.

Cristae and elementary /F1 particles are associated with mitochondria.Suicidal bags are another term used for lysosomes.

These enzymes are formed on RER and then processed and secreted from Golgi apparatus.

The plant vacuole is the major contributor to the turgor that provides support for the individual plant cell and contributes to the turgidity of the leaves and younger parts of the plants.

Ribosomes are non-membranous.

ER is network of channels extending throughout cytoplasm.

Golgi bodies (cisternae) together with associated vesicles are called Golgi complex.

Secretory cells have abundant Golgi bodies. Dictyosomes are another name used for Golgi apparatus in plants.

Primary lysosome is fused with food vacuole and forms digestive vacuole. This digestive vacuole is called secondary lysosome.

Mitochondria can perform certain activities independently due to the presence of DNA, RNA and ribosomes.

The outer membrane has many protein-based pores that are big enough to allow the passage of ions and molecules as large as a small protein. In contrast, the inner membrane has much more restricted permeability, much like the plasma membrane of a cell.

Transcription and translation both in mitochondria occur in mitochondrial matrix.

Krebs cycle is associated with mitochondrial matrix also called as inner compartment.

Most active cell in our body is liver cell having about 1000 mitochondria per cell.

When seen under compound microscope they appear as vesicles, rods, filaments.

Chemiosmosis is associated with inner mitochondrial membrane. Outer membrane is smooth. Inner membrane forms infoldings which increase surface area and also have F1 particles.

In a eukaryotic cell the site of photosynthesis is chloroplast which is involved in the synthesis of carbohydrates

Chloroplast is semi-autonomous due to presence of DNA.

Chloroplast is a double membranous organelle, present only in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms and absent in prokaryotic photosynthetic organisms.

RNAs and ribosomal subunits are synthesized within nucleus and then move outside.

Erythroblasts are immature RBCs having single nucleus.Osteoblasts are bone cells having single nucleus.Leukocytes have single nucleus which can be lobed or spherical.Platelets are non-nucleated structures.

All cellular membranes are permeable to water as per water potential

Nucleolus is composed of two regions: peripheral granular area containing precursors for ribosomal subunits and central fibril area containing RNA and rDNA.  

Nucleus and nucleoli disappear during cell division.Chromatin is condensed to form chromosome.

Mitosis and meiosis are found in eukaryotic cells. Multiple fission is also shown by eukaryotic cells. Binary fission is simple division of a cell into two.

Eukaryotic flagella are made up of tubulin protein while prokaryotic is of flagellin protein.Eukaryotic cell wall is made up of cellulose (plant) while prokaryotic is of peptidoglycan.Prokaryotic cell membrane does not have sterols in it, while eukaryotic have.Ribosomes are made up of equal amount of proteins and rRNA in both.

Bacterial cytoplasm is throughout gel like so peripheral parts are also gel like.It contains chromatin body and multiple plasmids which are all circular DNA molecules.

It is a wall-less bacterium and all bacteria are prokaryotes and unicellular.